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In an era where our lives are increasingly reliant on digital technologies, the security of system-on-chip (SoC) devices has emerged as a major concern, particularly in consumer and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. An SoC integrates all the core components of a digital system into a single chip, offering a cost-effective, efficient solution for many consumer and IoT applications.

Consumer and IoT applications are used in virtually every aspect of modern life, from smart home devices and wearables to industrial automation and healthcare systems. While these innovations promise convenience, efficiency, and connectivity, they also expose users to unprecedented risks. The interconnected nature of these devices makes them susceptible to cyber threats ranging from data breaches and identity theft to unauthorised access and device manipulation.

Securing SoC devices is imperative for safeguarding sensitive data, such as personal information or paid-for content, and for maintaining the integrity of connected systems. A breach in SoC security can have far-reaching consequences, compromising not only individual users but also entire networks and infrastructures. Moreover, the proliferation of IoT devices amplifies the potential attack surface, as each interconnected device represents a potential entry point for malicious actors.

Given the critical role of SoC devices in consumer and IoT applications, addressing security concerns demands a multi-faceted approach. This entails integrating robust security mechanisms into the design and development processes, implementing stringent access controls and encryption protocols, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders to establish industry-wide standards and best practices.

SoC designers employ a variety of security mechanisms to ensure the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of systems; where these mechanisms are implemented at different levels, including hardware, firmware, and software. Here are some key security mechanisms commonly used in SoC design:

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