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20 Most Popular Articles
Updated: Wed, 18 May 2022 01:00:01 +0200
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Dynamic Memory Allocation and Fragmentation in C and C++ In C and C++, it can be very convenient to allocate and de-allocate blocks of memory as and when needed. This is certainly standard practice in both languages and almost unavoidable in C++. However, the handling of such dynamic memory can be problematic and inefficient. For desktop applications, where memory is freely available, these difficulties can be ignored. For embedded - generally real time - applications, ignoring the issues is not an option. |
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System Verilog Assertions Simplified Assertion is a very powerful feature of System Verilog HVL (Hardware Verification Language). Nowadays it is widely adopted and used in most of the design verification projects. This article explains the concurrent assertions syntaxes, simple examples of their usage and details of passing and failing scenarios along with waveform snippets for the ease of understanding. |
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System Verilog Macro: A Powerful Feature for Design Verification Projects SV macro is one of the most powerful features out there and if used properly with a thorough understanding and applied wisely in a DV project, it can help to save a lot of time and can make the code more readable and efficient. This paper shows how, using SV macro with the proper syntaxes, a DV engineer can break up the larger complex code in smaller chunk and can reuse it at many places. |
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Using SystemVerilog Assertions in RTL Code SystemVerilog Assertions are not difficult to learn; in this tutorial, you will learn the basic syntax, so that you can start using them in your RTL code and testbenches. |
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Design Rule Checks (DRC) - A Practical View for 28nm Technology The main objective of this paper is to explain the various types of design rule checks (DRC) violation, their causes and how to fix the various design rule checks (DRC) at lower technology node on block level as well as full chip level implementation while meeting the design rule with respect to latest technology standards. |
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6 | 9 |
PCIe error logging and handling on a typical SoC This paper details first PCIe errors, error logging and then the error handling on a typical SoC. |
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A Review Paper on CMOS, SOI and FinFET Technology In 1958, the first integrated circuit flip-flop was built using two transistors at Texas Instruments. The chips of today contain more than 1 billion transistors. The memory that could once support an entire company’s accounting system is now what a teenager carries in his smartphone. This scale of growth has resulted from a continuous scaling of transistors and other improvements in the Silicon manufacturing process. |
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8 | 12 |
A Guide on Logical Equivalence Checking - Flow, Challenges, and Benefits This white paper functions as a guide, outlining why LEC (Logical Equivalence Check) is important in the ASIC design cycle, how to check it, and what to do when LEC is failing. |
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UVM RAL Model: Usage and Application To cope with the speed of the competitive market landscape, most of the systems are designed in a generic way - which means the same design can be used in different ways with different configurations. More the number of configurations, more the number of registers in the design. |
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Why using Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) can help improve I/O performance and Reduce Costs In this paper, we will explore why designing systems that have been natively built on SR-IOV-enabled hardware may be the most cost-effective way to improve I/O performance and how to easily implement SR-IOV in PCIe devices. |
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Method for Booting ARM Based Multi-Core SoCs In the boot process various modules/peripherals (like clock controller or security handing module and other master/slaves) initialized as per the SoC architecture and customer applications. In Multi core SoCs, first primary core (also called booting core) start up in boot process and then secondary cores are enabled by software. |
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AES 256 algorithm towards Data Security in Edge Computing Environment Today, enormous volumes of data are generated by a growing number of sensors and smart IoT devices, and ever-increasing processing power is moving the core of calculations and services from the cloud to the network's edge. Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have opened up a plethora of new options for resolving security problems in the context of Edge Computing, where security and privacy have become key considerations. |
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Usage of Multibit Flip-Flop and its Challenges in ASIC Physical Design The continuous need for reduced size of the chip in the VLSI industry brings exciting challenges to the layout engineers for designing better and high-performing integrated circuits, which needs to consume low power even while reducing the silicon area and cost involved. Internal power is a component of the total power consumed by the chip, which is becoming more challenging to handle with the shrinking technology nodes. |
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Fundamentals of Semiconductor ISO 26262 Certification: People, Process and Product This paper explains the changes in the role of the semiconductor industry in the automotive supply chain and seeks to enhance the reader’s knowledge regarding all aspects of the ISO 26262 standard. This paper also discusses the standard’s applicability not only to electronic products, but also to the people and processes employed to create them. |
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Layout versus Schematic (LVS) Debug In ASIC physical implementation, once layout is generated, it must follow all the design rules for successful manufacturing and must match the schematic of the required design. To ensure this in physical verification, Design Rule Check (DRC) is carried out to check whether the layout follows the rules for fault-less manufacturing or not. |
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Delay Characterization for Sequential Cell This paper discusses the models and methodology that are used commonly for characterizing the timing parameters of various sequential logic cells which are key elements of synchronous design. |
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Specifying a PLL Part 2: Jitter Basics This article explains a some of the key terminology and parameters commonly used to describe jitter. It will also help clarify the most important parameters for a some PLL applications, allowing the designer to better understand what is required from a PLL. |
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Embedded Software Unit Testing with Ceedling Unit testing is a technique of breaking the code in small units of the entire code. These units can be verified to check the behaviour of a specific aspect of the software. One of the major challenges involved in unit testing of embedded software is that the code interacts with the hardware peripherals. In mostcases, hardware cannot be accessed during unit tests. Keeping hardware interaction as thin as possible helps in testing most of the code by dividing it into small pieces. These pieces can then be independently tested without hardware interaction. |
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Understanding Shmoo Plots and Various Terminology of Testers Nowadays, engineers are focusing more on testing, as device size/logic is becoming large. The designs are becoming complex with time and thus testing is becoming challenging in terms of time and cost both. To cater good yield, different test and vectors are provided by DFT engineers. |
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Smart Tracking of SoC Verification Progress Using Synopsys' Hierarchical Verification Plan (HVP) SoC (System-on-Chip) Verification effort mainly includes three key phases: Planning, Development and Verification. Planning phase includes preparing verification strategy in terms of Test plan, Coverage plan and Assertion plan. Verification of complex SoC requires all micro level data (i.e. Individual Test status in Regression, Functional and Code Coverage numbers, etc.) to be collected at a common place for better tracking. |