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20 Most Popular Articles
Updated: Wed, 20 Jan 2021 01:00:01 +0100
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Dynamic Memory Allocation and Fragmentation in C and C++ In C and C++, it can be very convenient to allocate and de-allocate blocks of memory as and when needed. This is certainly standard practice in both languages and almost unavoidable in C++. However, the handling of such dynamic memory can be problematic and inefficient. For desktop applications, where memory is freely available, these difficulties can be ignored. For embedded - generally real time - applications, ignoring the issues is not an option. |
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Verifying Dynamic Clock switching in Power-Critical SoCs As technology advance, we see complex SoCs emerging in the market with multiple interfaces. These complex SoCs can have multiple clocks driving multiple modules, which may be getting divided further to generate new clocks in the chip and so the complexity increases. |
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System Verilog Macro: A Powerful Feature for Design Verification Projects SV macro is one of the most powerful features out there and if used properly with a thorough understanding and applied wisely in a DV project, it can help to save a lot of time and can make the code more readable and efficient. This paper shows how, using SV macro with the proper syntaxes, a DV engineer can break up the larger complex code in smaller chunk and can reuse it at many places. |
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System Verilog Assertions Simplified Assertion is a very powerful feature of System Verilog HVL (Hardware Verification Language). Nowadays it is widely adopted and used in most of the design verification projects. This article explains the concurrent assertions syntaxes, simple examples of their usage and details of passing and failing scenarios along with waveform snippets for the ease of understanding. |
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Using SystemVerilog Assertions in RTL Code SystemVerilog Assertions are not difficult to learn; in this tutorial, you will learn the basic syntax, so that you can start using them in your RTL code and testbenches. |
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A Review Paper on CMOS, SOI and FinFET Technology In 1958, the first integrated circuit flip-flop was built using two transistors at Texas Instruments. The chips of today contain more than 1 billion transistors. The memory that could once support an entire company’s accounting system is now what a teenager carries in his smartphone. This scale of growth has resulted from a continuous scaling of transistors and other improvements in the Silicon manufacturing process. |
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PCIe error logging and handling on a typical SoC This paper details first PCIe errors, error logging and then the error handling on a typical SoC. |
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UVM RAL Model: Usage and Application To cope with the speed of the competitive market landscape, most of the systems are designed in a generic way - which means the same design can be used in different ways with different configurations. More the number of configurations, more the number of registers in the design. |
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Understanding - and Reducing - Latency in Video Compression Systems In the video world, latency is the amount of time between the instant a frame is captured and the instant that frame is displayed. Low latency is a design goal for any system where there is real-time interaction with the video content, such as video conferencing or drone piloting. |
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Why using Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) can help improve I/O performance and Reduce Costs In this paper, we will explore why designing systems that have been natively built on SR-IOV-enabled hardware may be the most cost-effective way to improve I/O performance and how to easily implement SR-IOV in PCIe devices. |
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Let's make RISC-V connected systems synonymous with security If you are designing systems based on a RISC-V architecture, for example to run highly connected applications, you want to include tight, future-proof security. Both for your customers’ experience and your reputation, you want to avoid a breach of security – leaking private data or even changing the functionality. Therefore, security should be part of the fabric of your system. |
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A Guide on Logical Equivalence Checking - Flow, Challenges, and Benefits This white paper functions as a guide, outlining why LEC (Logical Equivalence Check) is important in the ASIC design cycle, how to check it, and what to do when LEC is failing. |
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Design Rule Checks (DRC) - A Practical View for 28nm Technology The main objective of this paper is to explain the various types of design rule checks (DRC) violation, their causes and how to fix the various design rule checks (DRC) at lower technology node on block level as well as full chip level implementation while meeting the design rule with respect to latest technology standards. |
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Introduction to Low Dropout (LDO) Linear Voltage Regulators Linear voltage regulators are key components in any power-management system that requires a stable and ripple-free power supply. A subset of linear voltage regulators is a class of circuits known as low dropout (LDO) regulators. This paper explains the fundamentals of LDOs and introduces Vidatronic’s LDO technology which solves many of the known shortcomings of LDO circuits. |
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Method for Booting ARM Based Multi-Core SoCs In the boot process various modules/peripherals (like clock controller or security handing module and other master/slaves) initialized as per the SoC architecture and customer applications. In Multi core SoCs, first primary core (also called booting core) start up in boot process and then secondary cores are enabled by software. |
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Layout versus Schematic (LVS) Debug In ASIC physical implementation, once layout is generated, it must follow all the design rules for successful manufacturing and must match the schematic of the required design. To ensure this in physical verification, Design Rule Check (DRC) is carried out to check whether the layout follows the rules for fault-less manufacturing or not. |
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Usage of Multibit Flip-Flop and its Challenges in ASIC Physical Design The continuous need for reduced size of the chip in the VLSI industry brings exciting challenges to the layout engineers for designing better and high-performing integrated circuits, which needs to consume low power even while reducing the silicon area and cost involved. Internal power is a component of the total power consumed by the chip, which is becoming more challenging to handle with the shrinking technology nodes. |
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Power analysis of clock gating at RTL In this article, we will discuss the use of clock gating techniques with design examples for achieving lower power and also highlight the impact of clock gating on different areas of the design process like metastability with clock domain crossings and testability. The article also details the do's and don'ts of clock gating to avoid chip failures and unnecessary power dissipation. |
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Guide to Choosing the Best DC-to-DC Converter for Your Application This white paper introduces a procedure for choosing the proper DC-DC switching converter for a given application. It explains basic, performance, and optional metrics in detail. It also demonstrates other practical aspects that are sometimes overlooked by system designers. Multiple application examples are provided. |
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Comparing AMBA AHB to AXI Bus using System Modeling This paper discusses the construction of an AMBA Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) Shared Bus and AMBA Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) point-to-point Bus using a graphical modeling environment that achieved approximately 95% cycle accuracy. |